Do you know that
Mystery completely lifted from the pyramids of Giza
About 4,500 years ago, the people of Mishra had built a wonder of the world. Seeing which people are still surprised, its name is the Great Pyramid of Giza. With a height of about 147 meters, it remained the tallest building in the world for more than 4,000 years. Heavy stones have been used to build this pyramid, and it is said that the weight of this pyramid is 6 million tons. The tallest building of today's modern age is Burj Khalifa, which weighs only 500,000 tons. One question that has bothered people is how was it made? Because at that time people did not have cranes, bulldozers or modern technology. Not only this, the wheel had not been invented at that time which means they did not even have wheels. Nevertheless, he built a monument made of such heavy stones that it still stands today.
Can you imagine a building that has stood for over 4,500 years, enduring intense heat, storms, torrential rains, and weathering? There is no other surviving structure older and bigger than this.
How did this happen?
Let us understand the mystery of the pyramids.
"Arguably the Great Pyramid is the most mysterious creation on earth." "Built around 2,500 BC, It is the tallest structure on Earth, for more than 4,500 years." "Built as vast mausoleums of dazzling white limestone, the pyramids are designed to hide the dark secrets of the dead." The further back in time we go, the harder it becomes to find the sure-shot What happened, when and how. It is estimated that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built in 2560 BC, by Pharaoh Khufu. The kings of ancient Egypt are known as Pharaohs. We do not know much about Pharaoh Khufu except that he was the second emperor of the Fourth Dynasty of the Old Kingdom of Egypt. His reign is the subject of much debate, however, with some historians estimating that Pharaoh Khufu's reign was 23 years. Some say 34 years, many are of the opinion that it ruled for more than 60 years. All these pyramids are located on the west bank of the Nile, and if you look at pictures or videos, You will notice that there is not only one pyramid here, you will see two other pyramids built on the same site. The tallest of the three is the Pyramid of Giza, also known as the Pyramid of Khufu. Smaller than that is the Pyramid of Khafre, it is the second largest pyramid in Egypt, it is said to have been built by Khafre, the son of Khufu. The third and smallest is the Pyramid of Manaker, it is said to have been built by Khafre's son. The only available monuments are, apart from these, the Great Sphinx,
There are many more burial tombs, and smaller pyramids. A total of 118 pyramids of varying sizes and types are said to have been there, many of them destroyed by weathering, and now very few pyramids are in good condition. Perhaps the best preserved are these three pyramids. Especially the Great Pyramid of Giza.Today people are curious to know what was the reason for making them? What is the reason that these ancient pyramids were built. Which looks like they were built as a tomb and Pharaoh is buried inside the pyramids. Friends, the ancient Egyptians believed in the afterlife. They believed that life does not end at death. After death, the soul of a person goes to Hades, and remains there till doomsday. On the day of doomsday it is judged by the gods.
Those who lived a life of goodness would be immortal in the afterlife so for the life of the hereafter pharaohs built tombs for themselves when they ruled large quantities of food, treasure, jewelry, furniture, clothes were to be buried with the pharaohs in the pyramids so that they would die After their death, their bodies were mummified and then sealed in a wooden or stone sarcophagus so that they could be used in the afterlife. Now it may surprise you to know how are we so sure that this is why the pyramids were built. So there are two main reasons for this. First: we've discovered scripts on many other pyramids. Such as writing texts on sarcophagus and pyramids which tell us about their customs.
Second: Egypt and Sudan have most of the historical pyramids that were used as mausoleums.
but specifically in the Great Pyramid of Giza but no solid evidence has been found about this,
So people come up with their own alternate theories. When archaeologists entered the Great Pyramid, they found three relics and an empty sarcophagus that is believed to be the sarcophagus of Khufu and the treasures that are believed to have been kept with it. Before it was looted. and some people disagree with it, they come up with bizarre alternative theories One of the popular theories is that the Great Pyramid was a power plant that generated electricity. Believers claim that the ancient Egyptians were very technologically advanced. And they had already learned how to use electricity as a proof of principle, Some ancient artefacts are presented Artefacts that have been discovered on the walls of some ancient Egyptian temples are used to substantiate the claims that the Egyptians in this painting they were making a light bulb they say the egyptians invented it but later or the technology to make the bulb was lost as i have said time and time again these kind of conspiracy theories are fabricated Conspiracy theories are often so outlandish when there is a lack of concrete evidence in a case, That they don't make any logical sense and if light bulbs existed in ancient Egypt, why haven't we found any evidence to prove it? In fact, this artwork depicts an Egyptian mythological story. Another popular theory claims that the pyramid was a granary to store crops. This theory was proposed by American politician Ben Carson in 1998, according to his "personal theory" that the pyramids were built by the father of Jesus Christ. "My personal theory is that Joseph built the pyramids to store grain. did. Now, all archaeologists think they were Made by Pharaoh, right?" Friends, here you can see the second major reason for coming up with conspiracy theories, religious appeasement by politicians. However, today it is absolutely clear that the Great Pyramid of Giza was built as a tomb and all historians agree on this. At that time people believed that the bigger the tomb, the more treasures and food would have been kept in the tomb, the more comfortable the soul of Pharaoh would be after death. Now, we come to the biggest question, how were these pyramids built? To be honest, this is the most mysterious aspect of the pyramids. How did people build a 147 meter tall structure using these huge rocks? The stones, which weigh between 2.5 tons to 80 tons, each stone has been carved with such care and uniformity that when there were no standard tools for carving.
How were such heavy stones placed one on top of the other? When people did not even use wheels at that time? Historians believe that it took 20 years to build these villagers. The Great Pyramid of Giza is said to have been built in 20 years. There are many theories regarding this I will not talk about the bizarre conspiracy theories here but before we discuss the theories let us have a look at the misconceptions people have about the pyramids Many films showed the use of slave labor to build the pyramids Poor Ghulam, forced to work here all day long and being mercilessly abused and flogged by the supervisors, you must have seen this in one movie or the other. For a long time, people believed that slaves built the pyramids. The Greek historian Herodotus of the 5th century BC first suggested that slaves built the pyramids, but today we know that this is a lie. The people who built these pyramids were highly skilled laborers. They were not starved or mistreated. They were fed so well that they were stronger and more nourished than the average Egyptian citizen of the time.
They lived in towns near the construction site and received a lot of help from the surrounding communities such as farmers who, when not actively engaged in their fields, helped the farmers with the construction in their spare time. In a way, the citizens in the kingdom were united for the success of the national project. They were very loyal to their pharaoh. About 20,000-30,000 workers were involved in its construction. The workers worked for 10 hours a day to build the Great Pyramid of Giza today. Also, most people work long hours for livelihood, not to fulfill the dreams of their overlords, but to fulfill their own dreams.
As far as construction materials are concerned, approximately 5.5 million tons of limestone, 8,000 tons of granite, and 500,000 tons of mortar were used, most of which were imported from the surrounding areas. At most, they were brought from the region of southern Egypt which was some 800 km away from the site.
The question arises that how were these rocks cut? Copper was the most common metal used at that time, tools were made of copper, hard rocks of granite were broken from dolerite, they used some unique methods like finding cracks and holes in the rocks, sticking wood soaked in water in those cracks Putting nails, when the rocks absorbed water, the nails would spread and the rock would break apart. Now the big question is, how were these stones removed? At that time wheels were not used in vehicles. There was no wheeled vehicle to transport the stones easily to the site of the pyramid A plausible theory is that they built boats that floated on the river, carrying stones from quarries to the site of the pyramid via Unnao. Now the question arises as to how the pyramid was built by stacking these heavy stones one on top of the other. A key principle for this is by using a sled on wet ground. This is an interesting theory recently explored in a study in 2014. The basis of this theory is this painting,
Found at the tomb of Djehutihotep.
This is a later tomb built around 1900 BC In this painting you can see 170 people are pulling this idol on sled Ropes were used to pull this heavy idol Observe the painting So you will see a man pouring water on the sand in front of the statue. Previously, archaeologists believed that this painting was part of an Egyptian ritual, perhaps the tradition of pouring water in front of a sled
When physicist Daniel Bon and his team tested this, they found that sand wetted with a certain amount of water reduced the friction between the ground and the object being pulled. This is a typical ratio, about 2% to 5% in sand. % water This makes it easier to draw things on wet sand. Once we understand that, the next question is how would the stones have been stacked on top of each other? How were these heavy stones lifted without heavy machinery? Normally, a system of pulleys could be used to lift them, but as I told you, wheels were not invented at that time and wheels were not present in Egypt during the fourth dynasty, it was only used for pottery. Did you know that they had created an efficient system of ramps which helped these creatures to place stones one on top of the other.
In 2015, a team of English and French archaeologists uncovered a 4,500-year-old wooden ramp in a quarry. Scholars suggest that a ramp like this may have been built.
They set up a system of wooden poles on the sides of the slopes to haul the stones up a steep slope from the ground and then they used ropes around the poles to pull the stones as you see on the screen. But you can see it in the artwork.
This was suggested by physicist Joseph West in 2014. According to this theory, after completing one level of the pyramid, he would have built a new slope, and to ensure that the angle of the slope was not steep, he would have built a long slope. The steepness of the slope can be reduced by making a slope.
In another theory, it was suggested that they may have used levers to stack the stones on top of each other.
This remains a mystery today as these theories do not fully explain what actually happened at that time. We do know that the lower layers were laid without mortar and then mortar was added to the upper layers which formed the structure. This is the reason why the pyramids of Giza are still standing despite many earthquakes over thousands of years. Mortar is also a mystery even though it is used scientifically.
know the chemistry of the mortar used but they haven't been able to recreate it and finally, the final stage of construction was the outermost layer of the pyramid. It was made of fine, white limestone. This meant that when sunlight hit that falls on these pyramids will shine brilliantly white
The outermost layers of the pyramids of Khufu and Menkaur have worn away,
But in the pyramid of Khafre you can see a part of the layer on the top moving from the construction to the design of the pyramids it is completely fascinating do you know that the pyramids are designed in such a way that the directions are exactly north, east , points to south and west?
Here the error is minute. An error of only one-fifteenth of a degree. They are supposed to point precisely in all four directions. How can this be? Then there was no compass there was no modern technology like GPS but still they built so accurate
Once again, the researchers tried to offer their own theoretical explanation of how the Egyptians could achieve such a high degree of accuracy by following a popular theory said to be following the autumnal solstice when the Earth's tilt causes equal day and night. If the shadow on the ground is in a straight line towards east and west. Using this method, the degree of error in the calculation of the pyramid will be the same degree of error in the shadow. during the autumnal equinox
The second theory is that the constellations were believed to be the stars of the sky used by the Egyptians to align their designs. In 1989, Robert Bouval, an author and Egyptology enthusiast,
Orion came up with the Correlation Theory. He claimed that the three pyramids at Giza were aligned with the three stars of Orion's Belt. He believed that the alignment was intentional and that the ancient Egyptians knew astronomy and observed the stars at night. Tracked down their patterns and built the pyramid accordingly
Historians consider this to be a fringe theory. Fringe refers to something that is not the mainstream.
Some points that are used against this theory are that the three pyramids were not planned at the same time, nor were they built at the same time, and when this theory was tested by astronomers in 1999 Studying the pyramids in the context of the stars in Orion's belt, it was found that the pyramids do not exactly align with it.
The thing is, the constellation has moved a bit over the course of thousands of years. At that time the stars were not aligned in the same places as we see them now. This theory was important to discuss because it is a classic case. where humans try to find patterns even in things that don't exist when we don't have solid evidence, when we lack precise explanations,
We make up our own ideas, and if we find a link somewhere, we take it for granted.
If you take that same thing to the next level, exaggerate it a little bit, and you'll have bizarre theories some claim the pyramids were built by aliens, because they believe that it was not possible for humans to make it in my opinion such theory goes against the principle of scientific thinking it is somehow shortcut way to answer when we don't get a perfect answer
It is better to accept the facts we know and then clearly state what we do not know so that the next generation of archaeologists, historians can research them and search for complete solutions or explanations,
Thank you very much for taking out your valuable time to read this blog of mine, please tell the errors made in this in the comment and comment on what is worth improving, in the next blog I will improve it and include your suggestion in it. would like to
Thank you so much!
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